This page reviews the elements of the Toulmin model of argumentation. It does not contain full explanations for any of the concepts, so you should be sure to read some material on Toulmin model before you take the tests.
backing ; the element in the Toulmin model of argumentation that justifies believing the warrant
claim : the element in the Toulmin model of argumentation that is the proposition the arguer supports
data : another name for grounds in the Toulmin model of argumentation
fields of argument: subject related communities of arguers with argumentative "rules" specific to each community.
grounds : the element in the Toulmin model of argumentation that is the evidence used to support the claim
modal qualifier: another name for the qualifier in the Toulmin model of argumentation.
possible rebuttal : the element in the Toulmin model of argumentation that is a statement indicating under what circumstances the claim may not be true.
qualifier : the element in the Toulmin model of argumentation that is any term or phrase that indicates the strength of the claim.
verifiers : the element added to the Toulmin model of argumentation that provides justification for believing the grounds.
warrant : the element in the Toulmin model of argumentation that explains why the grounds legitimately support the claim.
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